data integrity

What is master data? - part 2: a simple example

-------------- In a previous post, we tried to define master data, and collect the requirements to it. Now let's try to go through some...

Audit trail review - how to do it properly?

Related to the data integrity fashion-wave, the audit trail review, as a process receives high attention. It's obvious that 'the' audit...

Electronic archiving - true copy

Even in 2023, the digitization is not fully implemented in every company. What is the result of this? You still need to maintain...

Orphan data management

Another term that cannot be found in regulations or guidelines: orphan data. How can we define it, and what requirement should be...

What is master data? - part 1

In some ways, almost everybody met the term 'master data' (only for my Hungarian fellows: törzsadat :) ). It's used not exclusively in...

How can a computerized system differentiated from an instrument?

It's easy to decide if something is to be handled as a computerized system, or 'only' an instrument - most times. What is at stake here?...

Empty fields in electronic records

I received the question several times if it is a compliance issue to leave empty fields in electronic record. Let me just copy-paste my...